Test Bank for Principles of Genetics, 7th Edition D. Peter Snustad

Chapter 1 The Science of Genetics 1

An Invitation 2

Three Great Milestones in Genetics 2

DNA as the Genetic Material 6

Genetics and Evolution 10

Levels of Genetic Analysis 11

Genetics in the World: Applications of Genetics to Human Endeavors 12

Chapter 2 Cellular Reproduction 18

Cells and Chromosomes 19

Mitosis 24

Meiosis 27

Life Cycles of Some Model Genetic Organisms 32

Chapter 3 Mendelism: The Basic Principles of Inheritance 40

Mendel’s Study of Heredity 41

Applications of Mendel’s Principles 46

Testing Genetic Hypotheses 48

Mendelian Principles in Human Genetics 52

Chapter 4 Extensions of Mendelism 62

Allelic Variation and Gene Function 63

Gene Action: From Genotype to Phenotype 69

Inbreeding: Another Look at Pedigrees 76

Chapter 5 The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelism 88

Chromosomes 89

The Chromosome Theory of Heredity 91

Sex-Linked Genes in Humans 97

Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination 99

Dosage Compensation of X-Linked Genes 103

Chapter 6 Variation in Chromosome Number and Structure 109

Cytological Techniques 110

Polyploidy 114

Aneuploidy 118

Rearrangements of Chromosome Struction 124

Chapter 7 Linkage, Crossing Over, and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes 133

Linkage, Recombination, and Crossing Over 134

Chromosome Mapping 139

Cytogenetic Mapping 146

Linkage Analysis in Humans 148

Recombination and Evolution 151

Chapter 8 The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses 161

Viruses and Bacteria in Genetics 162

The Genetics of Viruses 163

The Genetics of Bacteria 167

Mechanisms of Genetic Exchange in Bacteria 170

Chapter 9 DNA and the Molecular Structure of Chromosomes 189

Proof That Genetic Information Is Stored in DNA and RNA 190

The Structures of DNA and RNA 194

Chromosomes Structure in Viruses and Prokaryotes 201

Chromosomes Structure in Eukaryotes 203

Special Features of Eukaryotic Chromsomes 208

Chapter 10 Replication of DNA ad Chromosomes 217

Basic Features of DNA Replication In Vivo 218

DNA Replication of Prokaryotes 228

Unique Aspects of Eukaryotic Chromosomes Replication 241

Chapter 11 Transcription and RNA Processing 252

Transfer of Genetic Information: The Central Dogma 253

The Process of Gene Expression 255

Transcription in Prokaryotes 259

Transcription and RNA Processing in Eykaryotes 263

Interrupted Genes in Eykaryotes: Exons and Introns 269

Removal of Intron Sequences by RNA Splicing 272

Chapter 12 Translation and the Genetic Code 280

Protein Structure 281

Genes Encode Polypeptides 284

The Compounds of Polypeptide Synthesis 289

The Process of Polypeptide Synthesis 294

The Genetic Code 302

Codon-tRNA Interactions 306

Chapter 13 Mutation, DNA Repair, and Recombination 313

Mutation 314

Teh Molecular Basis of Mutation 317

Mutagenesis 320

DNA Repair Mechanisms 333

DNA Recombination Mechanisms 338

Chapter 14 The Techniques of Molecular Gentics 350

Basic Techniques Used to Identify, Amplify, and Clone Genes 351

Construction and Screening of DNA Libraries 360

The Molecular Analysis of DNA, RNA, and Protein 364

The Molecular Anaysis of Genes and Chromosomes 368

Chapter 15 Genomics 379

Genomics: An Overview 380

Correlated Genetic, Cytological, and Physical Maps of Chromosomes 382

The Human Genome Project 387

RNA and Protein Assays of Genome Functions 397

Genome Diversity and Evolution 401

Chapter 16 Applications of Molecular Genetics 417

Use of Recombinant DNA Technology to Identify Human Genes and Diagnose Genetic Disease 418

Human Gene Therapy 426

DNA Profiling 431

Production of Eukaryotic Proteins in Bacteria 437

Transgenic Animals and Plants 439

Reverse Genetics: Dissecting Biological Processes by Inhibiting Gene Expression 442

Genome Engineering 448

Chapter 17 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes 459

Strategies fir Regulating Genes in Prokaryotes 460

Constitutive, Inducible, and Repressible Gene Expression 461

Positive and Negative Control of Gene Expression 464

The Lactose Operon in E. coli: Induction and Catabolite Repression 466

The Tryptophan Operon in E. coli: Repression and Attenuation 474

Posttranscriptional Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes 479

Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes 484

Ways of Regulating Eukaryotic Gene Expression: An Overview 485

Induction of Transcriptional Activity by Environmental and Biological Factors 487

Molecular Control of Transcription in Eukaryotes 490

Posttranscriptional Regulation of Gene Expression by RNA Interference 494

Gene Expression and Chromatin Organization 497

Activation and Inactivation of Whole Chromosomes 503

Chapter 19 Inheritance of Complex Traits 511

Complex Traits 512

Statistics of Quantitative Genetics 515

Statistical Analysis of Quantitative Traits 517

Molecular Analysis of Complex Traits 523

Correlations between Relatives 531

Quantitative Genetics of Human Behavioral Traits 535

Chapter 20 Population Genetics 541

The Theory of Allele Frequencies 542

Natural Selection 548

Random Genetic Drift 552

Populations in Genetic Equilibrium 554

Chapter 21 (Online)Transposable Genetic Elements WC-1

Chapter 22 (Online) The Genetic Control of Animal Development WC-28

Chapter 23 (Online) The Genetic Basis of Cancer WC-51

Chapter 24 (Online) Evolutionary Genetics WC-76

Appendices (Online)

Appendix A: The Rules of Probability WA-1

Appendix B: Binomial Probabilities WA-3

Appendix C: Evolutionary Rates WA-5